Introducción a R Markdown

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.font3[Introducción a R Markdown]

.font3[Eduardo Guamán]
.font_large[Reporte Interactivo
2019-01-19]

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<img src="imagenes/rmarkdownlogo.png" width=50%>
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##[__R Markdown__](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/) es un formato que permite una fácil creación de documentos, presentaciones dinámicas e informes de R.

##__R Markdown__ admite docenas de formatos de salida estáticos y dinámicos, incluidos HTML, PDF, MS Word, Beamer, diapositivas HTML5, Tufte-style handouts, libros, dashboards, aplicaciones shiny, artículos científicos, sitios web, y otros.
]
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<img src="imagenes/RMarkdown2.png", width="100%">
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# Instalar R Markdown

### - Instalar el paquete en RStudio

```r
install.packages("rmarkdown")
```

### - Activar el paquete instalado

```r
library(rmarkdown)
```

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###Para comenzar a utilizar R Markdown, simplemente siga los siguientes pasos:

### 1. `File/New File/R Markdown...`.

### 2. Colocar un título y un nombre de autor.

### 3. Elegir entre los varios tipos de formatos, algunos de los cuales serán de su interés a medida que se acostumbre a usar R Markdown.

### 4. Guardar el archivo .orange[**.Rmd**] en alguna carpeta o proyecto.

### 5. Seleccionar la opción .orange[**knit**] y se generará la salida que eligió.
]
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<img src="imagenes/new_markdown.png" width=100%>
]

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# DOCUMENTO ESTÁNDAR

* Encabezados
  + `#`, encabezado de nivel 1
  + `##`, encabezado de nivel 2
  + `###`, encabezado de nivel 3
  
* Cursiva, Negrita y Ambos
  - `*cursivo* y _cursivo_`, *cursivo* y _cursivo_
  - `**negrita** y __negrita__`, **negrita** y __negrita__
  - `***cursivanegrita*** y ___cursivanegrita___`, ***cursivanegrita*** y ___cursivanegrita___

* Listas
 + Para listas sin orden, usar `*` o `-` para el primer nivel. Para el nivel 2, usar `<tab> +`.
 + Para listas con orden, usar los números seguidos de un punto `1.`, `2.`, ...

* Insertar Imágenes
  + imagen: `![etiqueta](ruta/de/la/imagen.png)`
  
* Insertar hiperlinks
  + `[Etiqueta](Link)`

---
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#Incluir código

###Usa la sintaxis de ___knitr___ para incluir código R en tu informe. R correrá el código e incluirá los resultados cuando genere el documento.

### - Pedazos de código
####Comienza un trozo (chunk) con comillas triples{r} y termina un trozo con comillas triples, para insertar puede usar: el atajo Cmd/Ctrl + Alt + I, botón Insert -> R o manualmente. Los chunks pueden tener nombres.

### - Código incrustado
####Código dentro del texto, usar comillas simple con una r
]
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#Opciones para mostrar (chunk)

- `eval = TRUE`, Indica si se va a evaluar el código e incluir los resultados.

- `echo = TRUE`, Indica si se muestra el código a la par de los resultados.

- `message = FALSE`, evita mostrar mensajes en el documento final.

- `warning = TRUE`, Indica si se muestran advertencias.

- `error = TRUE`, Indica si se muestran errores.

- Para mas detalles mira en [yihui.name/knitr/](https://yihui.name/knitr/)
]

---
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###Tabla predeterminado

Hay varios paquetes disponibles para hacer que sus resultados R se vean mejor. Aquí está un data.frame predeterminado:

```r
head(mtcars)
```

```
##                    mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
## Mazda RX4         21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
## Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
## Datsun 710        22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
## Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
## Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
## Valiant           18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1
```

###Tabla simple (con kable)

Se puede comenzar con kable de Knitr para crear tablas simples que se vean mucho mejor:

```r
knitr::kable(head(mtcars), format = "html", caption = "Muestra de mtcars")
```

<table>
<caption>Muestra de mtcars</caption>
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> mpg </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> cyl </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> disp </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> hp </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> drat </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> wt </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> qsec </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> vs </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> am </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> gear </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;"> carb </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Mazda RX4 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 21.0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 160 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 110 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.90 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 2.620 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 16.46 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Mazda RX4 Wag </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 21.0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 160 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 110 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.90 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 2.875 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 17.02 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Datsun 710 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 22.8 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 108 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 93 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.85 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 2.320 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 18.61 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 4 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Hornet 4 Drive </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 21.4 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 258 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 110 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.08 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.215 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 19.44 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Hornet Sportabout </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 18.7 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 8 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 360 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 175 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.15 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.440 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 17.02 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 2 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Valiant </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 18.1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 225 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 105 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 2.76 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3.460 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 20.22 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 3 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 1 </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---

## Tablas con KableExtra

Se puede usar kableExtra para hacer algunas cosas más divertidas y elegantes.

```r
library(tidyverse)
library(kableExtra)
mtcars %>%
  slice(1:10) %>% 
  arrange(mpg) %>% 
  round(2) %>% 
  mutate(mpg = factor(mpg)) %>% 
  mutate_if(is.numeric, function(x) {
    cell_spec(x, bold = T, 
              color = spec_color(x, end = 0.9, option = 'plasma', direction = -1),
              font_size = spec_font_size(x))
  }) %>%
  mutate(mpg = cell_spec(
    mpg, color = 'white', bold = T,
    background = spec_color(1:10, end = 0.9, option = 'viridis', direction = -1)
  )) %>%
  kable(format='html', escape = F, align = 'c') %>%
  kable_styling(c('condensed', 'basic'), full_width = F, position='left')
```

La salida de la tabla se muestra en la siguiente diapositiva...

---

## Tablas con KableExtra

</center>

---

## Tabla con DT

Para mayor interactividad y más opciones para jugar, considere el paquete `DT`.

```r
DT::datatable(mtcars, 
              extensions = 'ColReorder', 
              options = list(colReorder = TRUE, 
                             pageLength = 5))
```

<div id="htmlwidget-bb6c10e35d4e1f33b794" style="width:100%;height:auto;" class="datatables html-widget"></div>
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---
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# Gráfico de barras con ggplot2 y plotly
<center>

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</center>

---

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.center.white[
# Gracias!
]

.center[<img src="imagenes/gracias.png" width=40%>]

.corner-box.top-center[Contacto: @guamandseduardo o guamandseduardo@gmail.com]